Large blinded placebo-controlled human trials are sparse, and the human studies that do exist are frequently small and conducted on multi-ingredient cosmetic formulations rather than GHK-Cu in isolation
A double-blind vehicle-controlled study of a preparation containing undecylenoyl phenylalanine 2% in the treatment of melasma in females
Lab work is included but not required
Antibodies for BECN1 (Beclin), Bax, pERK1/2 (T202/Y204, T185/Y187), PARP/cleaved PARP, p47Phox, IRE1, pAKT (S473) and -actin (1:500, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, California, USA)
To validate our refinement protocol, we used phenix.mtriage 50 to calculate FSC curves of our models against the full map and half maps 53 (Supplementary Fig