Neurogenic inflammation in acute migraine attacks is characterized by a TVS activation-induced release of neuropeptides, such as CGRP and substance P, from trigeminal nerve fibers at the dura, which causes increased vascular permeability, plasma protein extravasation, leukocyte infiltration, vasodilation, mast cell degranulation, activation of meningeal nociceptors, and the subsequent release of inflammatory mediators (5)
Piccioni et al., 2021
They are crucial for the establishment of a functional Th17 response after the infection in the gut (with the help of IL-2 ) [ 45 ]
However, before the treatment, a test is performed by the doctor to determine whether the person is suitable for the treatment.If the suitability is confirmed, the procedure can start immediately
Studies show significantly increased collagen, reticulin, and blood vessel formation[9]