Perna S, Guido D, Bologna C, Solerte SB, Guerriero F, Isu A, et al
GLP-1 medications have garnered significant attention in Orange County, CA, and across the country, primarily for their role in weight management and the treatment of type 2 diabetes
however, even following exposure to 1000 M, no inhibitory effects were seen on the activities of complex I-IV, and the subcellular distribution of metformin indicated that metformin remained primarily in the cytosol with levels in mitochondria less than 70 M (139)
These exposures have been linked to adverse health outcomes, including potential biological and neurotoxic effects [82, 92], emphasizing the need for stringent safety protocols and exposure assessments [6]
GIP Receptor Effects: This complements the GLP-1 effects, further boosting insulin responsiveness post-meals and contributing to lessened hunger pangs