INTRODUCTION Melasma is an acquired, chronic, and recurrent form of hypermelanosis, which is characterized by symmetrical brown macules and patches of variable darkness on sun exposed areas of the body, typically occurring on the face (lower cheeks, forehead, nose, and upper lip).[] Though the pathogenesis of melasma is unclear, factors such as genetic makeup, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, pregnancy, and hormonal therapy are known to influence the development of melasma
The FDA regulatory context documented in this advertorial is the additional layer that makes a 2026 evaluation materially different from any prior year
GPx-2 is the major isoform in the lungs and its basal or inducible expression is dependent on Nrf2
Persons with medical ailments or long-term medication should see their doctors
doi: 10.1007/s00106-025-01668-3, 140 MenninkL