Common mild side effects include injection-site irritation or temporary water retention, but serious reactions warrant immediate protocol adjustment or discontinuation

Hyperkalemia Drugs That Cause Hypokalemia (Low Potassium) These drugs increase potassium loss from the kidneys or shift potassium into cells: Diuretics (most common cause): Loop diuretics: Furosemide, Torsemide Thiazide diuretics: Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone Corticosteroids: Prednisolone, Dexamethasone (mineralocorticoid effect) Beta-2 Agonists: Salbutamol (Albuterol), Terbutaline Insulin (in high doses): Drives potassium into cells Amphotericin B High-dose Penicillins (e.g., Carbenicillin, Piperacillin) act as non-reabsorbable anions Theophylline Laxative abuse / diarrhea-causing drugs Clinical signs: Muscle weakness, cramps, arrhythmias (e.g., U-waves on ECG) Drugs That Cause Hyperkalemia (High Potassium) These drugs reduce potassium excretion or increase potassium retention: Potassium-sparing diuretics: Spironolactone, Eplerenone (Aldosterone antagonists) Amiloride, Triamterene ACE Inhibitors: Enalapril, Ramipril, Lisinopril ARBs: Losartan, Telmisartan, Valsartan Direct Renin Inhibitor: Aliskiren NSAIDs: Indomethacin, Ibuprofen (reduce renal perfusion) Heparin (including low molecular weight) Trimethoprim Beta-blockers (especially non-selective): Propranolol Digoxin (in toxicity) Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus Clinical signs: Peaked T-waves, muscle weakness, risk of cardiac arrest Key Tip for Memory | Potassium (Hypo) Think Diuretics & -Agonists | Potassium (Hyper) Think RAAS Blockers & K-Sparing Drugs | To view or add a comment, sign in WHY NASAL DELIVERY OF GLP-1 PEPTIDES? In contrast to the oral and subcutaneous routes of administration, nasal delivery of GLP-1 peptide drugs provides unique advantages: The nasal mucosal environment is less acidic, less digestive, and simpler to use than the oral delivery route

The most common side effects of GLP-1 medications include nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, constipation, abdominal pain, headache, fatigue, dyspepsia, dizziness, abdominal distention, hypoglycemia in patients with type II diabetes
McCabe and Zhao, 2024
Eggs, especially egg whites, are a great source of glutamine