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However, a 2025 review noted only 3 RCTs, calling for larger trials (Nguyen et al., 2025)
Specific examples include: Pulmonary injury: Following abdominal aortic surgery or liver transplantation, gut IR and hepatic mtDAMPs release drive acute lung injury via the gut-lung axis
More serious symptoms include muscle rigidity, high fever, confusion, and seizures
This typically resolves within four to six weeks