Long-term safety remains largely unknown due to limited research and regulation
Hepatic impairment (OFV = 1.281), water volume 50 mL vs 120 mL (OFV = 3.328), age 65 years (OFV = 3.024), sex (OFV = 0.102) and renal impairment (OFV = 2.099) were excluded in the final model (in that order)
Regulatory and Anti-Doping Context Athletes may need to consider anti-doping rules, supplement contamination risk, banned-substance lists, governing-body policies, team requirements, and professional guidance before using any supplement or peptide-related product
Conclusion For men over 40, fertility peptides introduce a no-brainer
The blame almost certainly lies with other hormonally active agents used concurrently or, just as critically, with contaminated, low-purity products from untrustworthy suppliers