In the randomized placebo-controlled HOME trial of 390 adults with type 2 diabetes (de Jager and colleagues, Long term treatment with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes and risk of vitamin B-12 deficiency, BMJ, 2010), metformin lowered serum B12 by a mean of 19 percent over 4.3 years
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Reverse Transcription-Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction The total RNA content was isolated from cells or the tumor using TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen), treated with DNase I (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cat# EN0521), and then reverse transcribed into cDNA using a Maximal First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cat# K1622)
About this article Cite this article Kim, J., Kim, MJ
Nat Rev Genet 24(12):816833