semaglutide Semaglutide Drug Names : Ozempic (for T2DM) - injectable Wegovy (for weight management) - injectable Rybelsus (oral) - 1st oral GLP-1 agonist (FDA approved 9/20/19) Drug Category : GLP-1 receptor agonist, hypoglycemic Synthetic peptide analog of GLP-1 Mechanism of Action: Synthetic peptide that is chemically identical to GLP-1, except for three amino acid substitutions and modifications at positions 8, 26 & 34 (Figure 1) that prevent chemical breakdown by DPP-4, and increase binding to albumin
This is particularly useful for high-protein meals where incomplete digestion of sulfur-containing amino acids is a major contributor to hydrogen sulfide production
Tirzepatide is a dual-agonist , meaning it works by targeting two hormones: GLP-1: helps regulate appetite, blood sugar, and digestion GIP: supports insulin response and reduces nausea Retatrutide is a triple-agonist , meaning it targets three hormones: GLP-1: helps regulate appetite, blood sugar, and digestion GIP: supports insulin response and reduces nausea Glucagon: affects energy use and fat metabolism Early studies show that retatrutide may be more successful than tirzepatide at managing diabetic kidney disease, as well as for weight control, while tirzepatide may be better at managing blood glucose
SGLT2 inhibitors, but not GLP-1 receptor agonists, reduce incidence of gout in people living with type 2 diabetes across the therapeutic spectrum
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