glp 1 receptor agonist GLP-1 Agonists Neuroprotection 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗘𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗰𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗚𝗟𝗣-𝟭 𝗥𝗲𝗰𝗲𝗽𝘁𝗼𝗿

Adding the second receptor improved weight loss from roughly 15% to 22.5% in clinical trials (Jastreboff et al., NEJM 2022)

Other possible mechanisms to improve insulin sensitivity in NAFLD reported in the literature include the regulation of the acetyl-CoA/CoA ratio in mitochondria, modulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) activity, altering the expression of glycolytic and gluconeogenic enzymes as well as the expression of genes associated with the insulin signaling cascade, and stimulation of the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis and IGF-1 signaling cascade (55)

This was likely due to the small sample (n = 3) of highly selected patients with more advanced disease requiring both GTR and radiation therapy

Stem Cell Rev and Rep 22 , 2646 (2026)

doi: 10.1111/cns.12372