y 4) la modulacin de la respuesta inflamatoria, al promover un mejor control en la secrecin de citoquinas proinflamatorias 33 , 38
Graphical Abstract available for this article
For sports nutrition brands, functional beverage developers, and private-label supplement teams, taurine and L-carnitine are not simply energy ingredients. Taurine supports cell-volume regulation, calcium signaling, bile-acid conjugation, and oxidative-stress control, while L-carnitine functions as a mitochondrial shuttle that helps transport long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria for energy production
Despite promising preclinical data, clinical trials in humans are extremely limited, and the compound remains largely experimental, with ongoing research required to fully characterize pharmacokinetics, optimal dosing, long-term safety, and potential off-target effects.
some peptide reaches systemic circulation (supported by systemic effect reports) but at likely reduced bioavailability compared to parenteral
