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eCollection 2021
Although indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2) is homologous to IDO1, it differs in catalytic efficiency and tissue distribution, and is considered to potentially participate in Trp metabolic regulation in the context of certain autoimmune diseases ( In addition to host enzymatic systems, the gut microbiota can also convert Trp into a variety of indole derivatives, such as indole-3-acetic acid, and these metabolites can likewise act as AhR ligands to participate in the regulation of mucosal immune homeostasis and may alter inflammatory outcomes by affecting the immunoregulatory programs of local macrophages/mononuclear phagocytes (51)
10.1089/jcr.2013.0006 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Fitzpatrick MF, Engleman HM, Boellert F, McHardy R, Shapiro CM, Deary IJ, Douglas NJ (1992) Effect of therapeutic theophylline levels on the sleep quality and daytime cognitive performance of normal subjects
When the body maintains adequate glutathione, insulin sensitivity may improve, making it easier for cells to absorb glucose and reducing the likelihood of excess fat storage
