Evidence for a release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor from the brain during exercise
FIGURE 4 3 Therapeutic effects of bioactive metabolites in DKD Natural active substances such as polyphenolic metabolites, peptides, polysaccharides, flavonoids, and so on, originate from nature, and have the advantages of high safety, multi-targeted action, abundant resources, and sustainable utilization, which show a great potential for the treatment of DKD (Mitra et al., 2025
Comprehensive insights into the multi-antioxidative mechanisms of melanin nanoparticles and their application to protect brain from injury in ischemic stroke
EMBO Mol Med 15:EMMM202217052-
Diversity of sources: A variety of sources were included to present a well-rounded view, such as clinical trials, laboratory studies, and expert opinions