In addition to this, these agents also help in restoring the activity of Sirt1 and Sirt3 while elevating the NAD + levels to maintain mitochondrial stability and overall metabolic balance within neurons (Huang et al., 2021)
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These medications work by mimicking the natural GLP-1 hormone, which stimulates insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon release, and slows gastric emptying
456,457,458 The primary advantage of covalent conjugation is that the resulting product is a single compound with defined structural and stoichiometric characteristics, aligning with the ideal properties for drug design and in vivo application
In parallel, mitochondrial proteases, chaperones, and mitophagy maintain mitochondrial proteome integrity, which is critical for cellular energetics and survival