The predominant side effects include: Gastrointestinal symptoms : nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation, and abdominal pain (affecting 10-50% of patients depending on the specific product and dose, particularly during dose escalation) Injection site reactions : redness, itching, or discomfort at the subcutaneous injection site Hypoglycaemia : particularly when combined with insulin or sulphonylureas Decreased appetite : an intended therapeutic effect that contributes to weight loss However, some patients do report changes in urinary frequency or patterns
Co-infusion studies show that simultaneous GIP and GLP-1 receptor activation produces significantly greater insulin response and glucagonostatic response than either hormone administered separately
probably because of the differences in the study populations and designs, the study authors explained in their paper for Ophthalmology
This is the most frequently reported side effect, especially with DAC
However, further research is needed to elucidate the specific roles of gut fungus-derived tyrosol and farnesol within the microbiotagutbrain axis
