Consistency is critical
When significant weight loss occurs, the reduction in adipose tissue can alter circulating oestrogen levels, potentially leading to breakthrough bleeding, spotting, or changes in menstrual cycle length and flow
Furthermore, a recent large-scale meta-analysis incorporating data from 10 placebo-controlled trials ( n = 71351), including the FLOW and SOUL trials, confirmed that as a group, long-acting GLP-1RAs, including both injectable and oral formulations, significantly reduce the incidence of MACE hospitalisation for heart failure, kidney events, and all-cause mortality in people with T2D
As of February 2026, 1 in 20 women aged 4554 has an active estrogen-based HRT prescription
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