b12 nasal spray vs injection Comparison of the Efficacy of Oral... : Journal of Diabetology Quick Guide - How to

[PubMed] [Google Scholar] 9.Vitamin B12 deficiency neuropathy

Originally developed to treat type 2 diabetes, it works by activating GLP-1 and GIP receptors, which regulate blood sugar and appetite control

Regulatory status (as of publication): Not approved by the FDA, EMA, or any other regulatory authority for any indication

Some individuals are at an increased risk of vitamin B-12 deficiency if they do not produce enough stomach acid or if they have autoimmune atrophic gastritis

Another class of gastric acid inhibitors known as histamine 2 (H 2 )-receptor antagonists (e.g., cimetidine, famotidine, and ranitidine), often used to treat peptic ulcer disease, has also been found to decrease the absorption of vitamin B 12 from food