[DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 53.Godet D., Marie P
[DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 68.Costa C, Incio J, Soares R
All chronic diseases, including COVID-19 with the long-COVID-19-syndrome (271), are characterized by the presence of persistent chronic inflammation and sustained generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that when confronted with inadequate antioxidant defenses (likely leading components of anti-inflammaging) precipitate excessive oxidative stress
This is particularly relevant when we consider GSH pathways, as well as their transcriptional regulator Nrf2, for proliferation, survival and function of T cells, B cells and macrophages (325, 326)
This process of retrograde signaling or mitochondria talking to the nucleus is a newly recognized aspect of cell biology, and MOTS-c is one of the best examples we know of