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However, despite these promising advantages, clinical research is still limited, and FDA approval has not been granted

Additionally, anxiety and stress trigger SNS hyperactivity, increasing renin release and angiotensin II, which promote renal vasoconstriction and tubulointerstitial damage (Wang and Dong, 2016) while elevated norepinephrine levels under mental distress accelerating kidney function decline (Tidgren and Hjemdahl, 1989)

This aligns with the body-first PD subtype theory, suggesting that peripheral initiation may precede CNS involvement (Goedert et al., 2017

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Next, mitochondrial citrate is transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane via a citrate carrier (CIC or SLC25A1) to support fatty acid synthesis for tumor progression in hypoxia 73 (Fig