Meal preparation strategies help ensure healthy food choices are readily available when appetite is reduced
SGLT2 inhibitors (empagliflozin) block glucose reabsorption and pull water with it
21 These suggested mechanisms improve the energetic metabolism in muscular skeletal tissue, and may have improved muscle function and reduced fatigue and exhaustion
2.5 Butyrate distribution Up to 95% of butyrate produced by the gut microbiota is absorbed and used in colonocytes and only a very small part is absorbed into the circulation (26) via the hepatic portal vein, which connects the gastrointestinal tract, spleen and liver (86, 87)

Dietary modifications that may support metabolic health include: Including a source of protein at each meal, as protein can stimulate GLP-1 release Including dietary fibre , particularly soluble fibre from vegetables, legumes, oats, and wholegrains, which may promote GLP-1 secretion through fermentation by gut bacteria Eating regular, balanced meals that align with the NHS Eatwell Guide recommendations Limiting ultra-processed foods high in refined carbohydrates and unhealthy fats Considering fermented foods such as yoghurt, kefir, and sauerkraut, which may benefit overall gut health, though direct effects on GLP-1 require further research Lifestyle factors that support metabolic health include: Regular physical activity , with both aerobic exercise and resistance training showing benefits for glucose metabolism