glp-1 vs gip and in Type 1 Diabetes Therapy: A Time for Reappraisal? Review Article: GLP‐1 Receptor Agonists

J Anim Sci

Almost all that promising data comes from rodents

This regimen should be followed by 100 mcg monthly for life

In the phase 3 ACHIEVE-1 trial, published in June 2025, the oral small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist orforglipron significantly reduced the glycated hemoglobin level over a period of 40 weeks in adults with early type 2 diabetes

observed that dynorphin A (1-17) and U50,488 promote the highest phosphorylation, etorphine 50% of the maximum and levorphanol failed to induce [ 32 P] incorporation demonstrating that opioid agonists have different potencies to phosphorylate this receptor (Li et al., 2003)