In cells, homocysteine is metabolized in three ways :[ref] It can be remethylated to form methionine (requires folate, MTHFR, and vitamin B12, MTR gene or needs betaine, interacting with BHMT and PEMT genes) Can be converted to cysteine (CBS gene, serine and B6 as a cofactor), which is used in the synthesis of glutathione It can be converted to homocysteine thiolactone, which can be a problem at higher levels Lets dig into each of these pathways further: Methylation Cycle: Homocysteine, Methionine, SAMe, and SAH Homocysteine is maintained at a relatively constant level by several mechanisms in the methionine cycle
Additionally, a subcutaneous injection uses a shorter needle because it does not need to go deep into the tissues
When his patients ask, "Should I be on peptides?" or say, "I've heard peptides can help" for things like an energy boost, improved muscle mass, or better libido, he generally says "no." Though he's open to adjusting that stance in the future as more data comes in
Too much estrogen being metabolized through CYP1B1 into 4-OHE1(E2) and the estrogen quinones can potentially be bad if your body has slower phase II (COMT, GSTP1, GSTM1, NQO1) enzymes.[ref][ref] The connection between smoking and estrogen-related cancers: Smoking significantly increases the risk of breast cancer and prostate cancer
disorder, detoxification, glutathione).
