Reduce albumin leakage (protein in urine, a key marker of kidney injury)
Arbutin: Reduces melanin production, helping to fade dark spots and pigmentation
Collagen and elastin (the proteins that provide support and elasticity) break down at an accelerated rate, resulting in a loss of firmness and deeper wrinkles. On top of that, the sebaceous glands become less active, leaving the skin barrier thinner and more prone to persistent dryness
Although rare, cases of pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas) have been reported
Upon activation by GLP-1RAs, GLP-1R initiates diverse intracellular cascades, such as the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) / protein kinase A (PKA) pathway and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) / protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway [1, 9]